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Andrea Gropa ((セルビア語:Андрија Гропа), ''Andrija Gropa'') was a county lord (župan) of Ohrid, first as a minor vassal to Serbian King Vukašin Mrnjavčević (r. 1365–1371), then as an Ottoman vassal after the Battle of Maritsa. He hailed from the Albanian noble family Gropa. ==Life== Andrea was a member of the Albanian Gropa family. His ancestor Paul Gropa was acknowledged by Charles I of Naples in 1273: "nobili viro sevasto Paulo Gropa »casalia Radicis maioris et Radicis minons, пeс non Cobocheste, Zuadigoriсa, Sirclani et Сraye, Zessizan sitam in valle de Ebu".〔Sufflay, p. 126〕 During the Serbian expansion in Macedonia, the Gropa also moved towards the south, becoming neighbours with Arianiti and Spata.〔Sufflay 2000, p. 145: "U vrijeme srpskog prodiranja u Makedoniju pomiču se i Grope prema jugu, postaju susjedi Arianita i Spata, a po smrti kralja Vukašina, Andrija Gropa, koji se na grčkom kamenom natpisu (1378.) naziva megas zupanos (župan velji)"〕 After Emperor Dušan's death (1355), Gropa was a local ruler in the district of Ohrid.〔Soulis 1984, (p. 142 )〕 Prior to the Battle of Maritsa, Gropa was a vassal to the Mrnjavčević family;〔Srejović, Gavrilović, Ćirković 1982, p. 24〕 The ''King of Serbia'' Vukašin Mrnjavčević (r. 1365 – died 1371), held Western Macedonia as a co-ruler to Emperor Stephen Uroš V of Serbia (r. 1355 – died 1371). After the death of King Vukašin and his brother Jovan Uglješa at the Battle of Maritsa against the Ottomans in 1371, and the subsequent death of the Emperor, there was a crisis in appointing the successor of the throne. Vukašin's son, Marko, did not have the power to unite his lords, and only retained nominal rule over the area from his base at Prilep. After Maritsa, the Dejanovići became Ottoman vassals.〔Soulis, p. 100〕 By 1377, Vuk Branković extended his rule over Skopje, and Gropa is mentioned as lord of Ohrid.〔Fine 1994, (p. 380 ): "By 1377 Vuk Brankovic had Skopje and an Albanian named Andrew Gropa had Ohrid"〕〔Mihaljčić, p. 170: "Негде у исто време када је Вук Бранковић запосео Скопље, арбанашки властелин Андрија Гропа јавља се као господар Охрида."〕 Bogdan, Gropa and Marko, and the rest of the rulers in Western Macedonia became vassals to Murad I.〔Soulis 1984, (p. 100 )〕 The vassals had to pay tribute to the Ottoman sultan and supply troops in case of war.〔 Gropa is mentioned as ''megas zupanos'' (''župan veliki'') in a Greek stone inscription dating to 1378.〔 He set himself up as ''Grand Župan'' of Ohrid, in southwest Macedonia.〔Parry;Yapp 1975, p. 167: "In southwest Macedonia, the Albanian Andrea Gropa (Cropa) set himself up as the 'Grand Zupan' (Prefect) of Ohrid."〕 In 1379, he became a ktitor for a church in Ohrid dedicated to St. Clement. Gropa was mentioned as "župan Gropa" in the funeral inscription of his son-in-law Ostoja Rajaković (1380).〔Mandić, p. 85: Само са презименом поме- нут је, на пример, и жупан Андрија Гропа, 1380. године, у посмртном натпису Остоје Рајаковића V цркви Богородице Перивлепте у Охриду („зет жупана Гропе")〕 According to the ''Muzaka chronicles'', Gropa joined Andrea II Muzaka and the Balšić family against Marko; He gained Kostur and Debar, and became semi-independent from Marko. Gropa also minted coins,〔American Numismatic Society 1964, p. 293〕 findings dating to c. 1377 – c. 1385,〔Dimitrijević 1997, p. 103: "47. Dinar issued by Zhupan Andrija Gropa (c. 1377 – c. 1385)"〕 inscripted in Old Serbian with his title as ''župan'' and ''gospodar'', with his signature as "Po milosti Božijoj župan Gropa".〔 He was the last Christian ruler of Ohrid before the Ottoman conquest. His signature is found in the scriptorium of the Church of St. Sofia in Ohrid.〔Slovanský ústav, p. 208: "Signatures of Andrea Gropa, Tsar Uros, Marko Kralevich and a concept for letter to the archbishop from the scriptorium of St. Sofia Church in Ohrid"〕 The date of his death is unknown, the ''Muzaka chronicles'' says there were no descendants and that his lands were assigned to the Muzaka family after his death, however, the most probable is that they were given to Marko. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Andrea Gropa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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